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ACHILLES AT THE IMPERIAL COURT

Ever since Alexander made Achilles his model, kings and their panegyrists aligned the ideal ruler with the "good speaker of words and doer of deeds" that Achilles was (or should have been) in the Iliad (9.443, in the words of Phoenix).

In the sixth century CE, the emperor Justinian installed a gigantic equestrian statue, which was made to resemble Achilles, on top of a huge column at the Augustaeum of Constantinople. Procopius, a critic of Justinian’s regime, describes this statue and compares its dazzling light to the Autumn Star, which in the Iliad (22.26–31) is also used in a simile that alludes to Achilles and is described there as a "sign of evil".

"Upon this horse is mounted a colossal statue of the Emperor. And the figure is habited like Achilles, that is, the costume he wears is known by that name. He wears halfboots and his legs are not covered by greaves. Also he wears a breastplate in the heroic fashion, and a helmet covers his head and gives the impression that it moves up and down, and a dazzling light flashes forth from it. One might say, in poetic speech, that here is that star of Autumn. And he looks toward the rising sun, directing his course, I suppose, against the Persians."

(Procopius, Buildings, 1.2.7–11; trans. Henry Bronson Dewing)

τούτῳ δὴ τῷ ἵππῳ χαλκῆ ἐπιβέβηκε τοῦ βασιλέως εἰκὼν κολοσσῷ ἐμφερής. ἔσταλται δὲ Ἀχιλλεὺς ἡ εἰκών· οὕτω γὰρ τὸ σχῆμα καλοῦσιν ὅπερ ἀμπέχεται. τάς τε γὰρ ἀρβύλας ὑποδέδεται καὶ τὰ σφυρά ἐστι κνημίδων χωρίς. εἶτα ἡρωϊκῶς τεθωράκισται καὶ κράνος αὐτῷ τὴν κεφαλὴν σκέπει δόξαν ὡς κατασείοιτο παρεχόμενον, αἴγλη τέ τις ἐνθένδε αὐτοῦ ἀπαστράπτει. φαίη τις ἂν ποιητικῶς εἶναι τὸν ὀπωρινὸν ἐκεῖνον ἀστέρα. βλέπει δὲ πρὸς ἀνίσχοντά που τὸν ἥλιον, τὴν ἡνιόχησιν ἐπὶ Πέρσας, οἶμαι, ποιούμενος.

Image: A model of the Column of Aurelius topped by the equestrian statue of the emperor Justinian. Column erected 543 CE; demolished 1515. Source

#ColumnJustinian(Transparent).png
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